GATE SYLLABUS FOR TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE (TF)

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra:

Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen

vectors.

Calculus:

Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima;

Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.

Vector Calculus:

Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and

Green's theorems.

Diferential Equations:

Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant

coefficients; Cauchy's and Euler's equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs - Laplace, heat

and wave equations.

Probability and Statistics:

Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and

binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods:

Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and

Simpson's rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

Textile Fibres:

Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross

and fine structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk. Introduction to important

bast fibres; properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres; physical and chemical

methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis.

Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition,

plasticization, crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; Process of viscose

and acetate preparation. Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene

terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning processes,

characteristic features of PET, polyamide and polypropylene spinning; wet and dry

spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat

setting, tow-to-top conversion and different texturing methods.

Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence,

optical and electron microscopy, I.R. absorption, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA,

TGA); structure and morphology of man-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres,

moisture sorption in fibres; fibre structure and property correlation.

Yarn manufacture and yarn structure & properties:

Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of fibrous materials, working

principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments; the technology of carding,

carding of cotton and synthetic fibres; Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting

principle, causes of mass irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in

drafting systems; principles of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function,

combing efficiency, lap preparation; recent developments in comber; Roving production,

mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist; Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on

yarn and traveler; ring & traveler designs; mechanism of cop formation, causes of end

breakages; working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister, single and folded

yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun yarn, compact spinning,

principle of non conventional methods of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet

spinning, wrap spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning.

Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient; twist strength

relationship in spun yarns; fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre

migration and its estimation, irregularity index, properties of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns.

Fabric manufacture and Fabric Structure:

Principles of cheese and cone winding processes and machines; random and precision

winding; package faults and their remedies; yarn clearers and tensioners; different

systems of yarn splicing; features of modern cone winding machines; different types of

warping creels; features of modern beam and sectional warping machines; different

sizing systems, sizing of spun and filament yarns, modern sizing machines; principles of

pirn winding processes and machines; primary and secondary motions of loom, effect of

their settings and timings on fabric formation, fabric appearance and weaving

performance; dobby and jacquard shedding; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle;

warp and weft stop motions, warp protection, weft replenishment; functional principles of

weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of multiphase and

circular looms.

Principles of weft and warp knitting; basic weft and warp knitted structures.

Classification, production and areas of application of nonwoven fabrics. Basic woven

fabric constructions and their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double

cloth constructions. Peirce's equations for fabric geometry; elastica model of plain

woven fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven fabrics.

Textile Testing:

Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length,

fineness, crimp, strength and reflectance; measurement of cotton fibre maturity and

trash content; HVI and AFIS for fibre testing. Measurement of yarn count, twist and

hairiness; tensile testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics; evenness testing of slivers, rovings

and yarns; testing equipment for measurement test methods of fabric properties like

thickness, compressibility, air permeability, drape, crease recovery, tear strength,

bursting strength and abrasion resistance. FAST and Kawabata instruments and

systems for objective fabric evaluation. Statistical data analysis of experimental results.

Correlation analysis, significance tests and analysis of variance; frequency distributions

and control charts.

Preparatory Processes:

Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk. Mercerization

of cotton. Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and polyester/cotton

blends.

Dyeing:

Classification of dyes. Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with

appropriate dye classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise

and continuous dyeing machines. Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used.

Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing. Methods

for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness. Evaluation of fastness properties

with the help of grey scale.

Printing:

Styles of printing. Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries.

Printing of cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal

complex dyes. Printing of polyester with disperse dyes. Methods of dye fixation after

printing. Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester. Printing of

polyester/cotton blends with disperse/reactive combination. Transfer printing of

polyester. Developments in inkjet printing.

Finishing:

Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff. Soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame

retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton. Milling, decatizing and shrink

resistant finishing of wool. Antistat finishing of synthetic fibre fabrics. Heat setting of

polyester.

Energy Conservation:

Minimum application techniques.

Pollution:

Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles. Treatment of textile

effluents.




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